Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is homodimeric, heparin-binding glycoprotein involved in both angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. VEGF is expressed as multiple alternately spliced isoforms of VEGF121, 165, 189 and 206. VEGF binds to the receptor tyrosine kinases VEGF R1 (Flt-1) and VEGF R2 (KDR/Flk-1) to activate signal transduction and regulate both physiological and pathological angiogenesis. Recombinant human VEGF165 protein was expressed in E.coli and purified by conventional chromatography, after refolding of the isolated inclusion bodies in a renaturation buffer.