HSD17B10 is a member of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily. This mitochondrial protein catalyzes the oxidation of a wide variety of fatty acids, alcohols, and steroids. HSD17B10 plays an important role in processing steroid hormones and fats, and also helps break down the protein building block (amino acid) isoleucine. This enzyme is also necessary for several chemical reactions involving female sex hormones (estrogens) and male sex hormones (androgens).