Glia maturation factor gamma (GMF-gamma) is a cytokine-responsive protein in erythropoietininduced and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor-induced hematopoietic lineage development. Also Glia maturation factor is a nerve growth factor implicated in nervous system development, angiogenesis and immune function. GMF-gamma possesses hematopoietic tissue-specific gene expression, a promoter concentrated with high-score hematopoiesis-specific transcription factors, and possible molecular coevolution with a rudimentary blood/immune system.