mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) and AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) which are activated by reacting to amino-acid supplementation and glucose-depletion are known as protein kinases regulated in activities by the nutrients. AMPK is regarded to be a major energy sensor in the eukaryotic cells, and it has been reported that it inhibits the mTOR pathway as well as contributing to synthesis enhancing and suppression in consumption of ATP.